a textbook of geology by p k mukherjee pdf file

The record fossil included ammonites Lyelliceras sp., Mantelliceras sp., Brancoceras sp., Dipoloceras sp. This sequence included black calcareous phyllites and slate (FPC), metamorphosed black mudstone (LNC), fine calcareous sandstones (AFC), massive limestones (Cs), wackstone-limestones (CWs), mudstone-limestones (CMs). This research displays the litho-stratigraphic analysis, fossil record, and geochemistry detail. To the northeast of the Napo Uplift, in the Oyacachi river, in the sector of San Marcos, indiscriminate sequences of phyllites, metamorphosed mudstones, and deformed limestones were grouped in the Upano Unit by previous research.

This assessment gives important information to policymakers, environmentalists, and foresters for taking mitigation measures in advance to mitigate the potential future risk of soil pollution on humans, ecology, and the environment. However, adults are free from cancer risk, and other studied elements have been reported as noncarcinogenic. The hazard index (HI) is estimated greater than 1 (HI > 1) for Cr and Mn, representing a possible risk for cancer. Further, PLI and DC (PLI: 1.26 DC: 36.66) show a possible health risk for the native population in the vicinity of the studied catchment. The evaluation calculated of I geo, EF, and CF suggests that represented soil samples were moderately contaminated and highly augmented with Rb, while PERI (75.56) advocates a low ecological risk.

In this study, we analyzed indices like the contamination factor (CF), degree of contamination (DC), enrichment factor (EF), geochemical index (I geo), pollution ecological risk index (PERI), and pollution load index (PLI), along with cancer risk (CR) and hazard indices (HI), to ascertain the eco-environmental and human risks of using heavy metals in datasets collected from 168 sampling locations in Uttarakhand, India. In the modern era, due to the rapid increase in urbanization and industrialization in the vicinity of the Himalayas, heavy metals contamination in soil has become a key priority for researchers working globally however, evaluation of the human and ecological risks mainly in hilly areas remains limited.

A textbook of geology by p k mukherjee pdf file